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Monomorium fieldi
''Monomorium fieldi'' is a small species of ant, originally described from Australia by (1910), where it is widespread in all states (, 2001). According to (2005), it is also found in New Zealand, based on the following evidence:
* has determined that all material from New Zealand previously identified as ''Monomorium orientale'' is in fact ''M. antipodum''
* recent material from Onehunga (New Zealand), tentatively determined as ''M. orientale'' by , was tentatively reidentified as ''M. fieldi'' by
* further recent material from New Zealand, collected by , was determined as ''M. fieldi'' by both and
* similarly determined all New Zealand material sent to him, including material previously identified as ''M. antipodum'', as ''M. fieldi''
Note that (2005: 15) concludes by stating '''Monomorium antipodum'' Forel was first described in 1901 from Auckland (Hymenoptera Name server 2001), and with confirmation of the identity of ''M. fieldi'', it is possible that ''M. fieldi'' may be the junior synonym of ''M. antipodum'' (S. Shattuck, November 2004, personal communication). Clearly, the taxonomy of the New Zealand ''Monomorium'' needs to be revisited to clarify the validity of the species name ''antipodum. Hence, 's argument is that since all (checked) material from New Zealand, previously identified as ''M. orientale'' or ''M. antipodum'', has been consistently redetermined now to be ''M. fieldi'', it is possible that ''M. fieldi'' is a junior synonym of ''M. antipodum'', but this must await confirmation by examination of more material, including the type material of ''M. antipodum'' (if it still exists), in the context of a taxonomic revision of the ''Monomorium'' of New Zealand, which has not yet been undertaken. However, (2007: 112–113) doubts that the New Zealand material is conspecific with the Australian species (''M. fieldi''), based on the results of alkaloidal analyses. If (2007) is correct, then the species currently being called ''M. fieldi'' in New Zealand may in fact be an endemic species, presumably ''M. antipodum'', which is the name used by (2007), because he argues that it either is synonymous with ''M. fieldi'' or not, and in either case the valid name would be ''M. antipodum'' (if synonymous, then ''M. antipodum'' would also be the valid name for what is currently being called ''M. fieldi'' in Australia). The fallacy in 's argument is that at present, it can only be speculated that the name ''M. antipodum'' applies to the material from New Zealand that has been examined above, but this has not been rigorously established, it being possible that there is more than one species present in New Zealand, with the true ''M. antipodum'' not being represented among the recently examined material. Therefore the identity and nomenclature of ''M. antipodum'' and ''M. fieldi'' is at present still very unclear. It should be noted that brachyptery has not been reported for ''M. fieldi'' queens from Australia (, 2001: 402), but has been reported from New Zealand (, 2007: 112), and indeed it is not entirely clear if fully winged queens occur in New Zealand (see fig. 2 for a photo of a brachypterous queen from New Zealand). At present, the safest option is to call the New Zealand material ''Monomorium'' cf. ''fieldi'', and consider ''M. antipodum'' to be a ''species inquirenda''. in ''et al.''. (2010: 455) listed ''M. fieldi'' from New Zealand as a ''species inquirenda'', and made no mention of ''M. antipodum''. However, it is the species corresponding to the name ''M. antipodum'' which is uncertain, not the species corresponding to ''M. fieldi''. It is at present unclear if material from New Zealand is correctly identified as ''M. fieldi'', but this does not make ''M. fieldi'' into a ''species inquirenda''.
==References==
* 2007: ''Ants of New Zealand''. Otago University Press, New Zealand. ISBN 978-1-877372-47-6
* 1910: Formicides australiens reçus de MM. Froggatt et Rowland Turner. ''Revue suisse de zoologie'', 18: 1–94. ISSN 0035-418X BHL Internet Archive (PDF )
* 2005: ''Monomorium fieldi'' Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is the current name to use for ants previously known as ''Monomorium antipodum'' Forel and ''Monomorium orientale'' Mayr in New Zealand. ''Weta'', 30: 14–15. ISSN 0111-7696 (PDF )
* 2001: Revision of the Australian ants of the genus ''Monomorium'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). ''Invertebrate taxonomy'', 15(3): 353–459. ISSN 1445-5226
* ''et al''. 2010: () NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects. pp. 233–467 ''in'' (ed.): ''New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume 2. Kingdom Animalia. Chaetognatha, Ecdysozoa, ichnofossils''. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch, New Zealand. ISBN 978-1-877257-93-3
* (Species-ID )
* (Antweb )
* (LandCare )
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